采用25 m固定半径样点法,对浙江省象山县的20～30龄马尾松人工林及其受松材线虫侵袭12 a后长成的常绿阔叶林中的鸟类群落进行了调查,并结合植被结构差异方面进行了比较分析。结果显示,处于优势地位的取食集团,在马尾松林中为林下杂食鸟、可变高度食虫鸟及低层叶簇食虫鸟,在常绿阔叶林中为林下杂食鸟和中层林冠食虫鸟;在马尾松林转变为常绿阔叶林过程中,低层叶簇食虫鸟、林下杂食鸟和林下灌草丛筑巢鸟数量开始减少。马尾松林与其受侵袭产生的常绿阔叶演替林之间,记录的总物种数量分别为26和25种,鸟类物种多样性和均匀度均无显著差异,鸟类群落相似性系数达到了约0. 65,这可能在于两种植被物种组成上存在一定的继承性的缘故;而马尾松林由于拥有发育良好的林下植被及相应的更多的食物资源和更为适宜的林下层取食和筑巢环境,鸟类平均多度显著更高。结果表明,拥有包括木荷幼苗在内的良好林下植被的马尾松中龄林,能在遭受松材线虫病后的10 a左右时间内迅速更新为具有郁闭林冠的以木荷为主要建群种的常绿阔叶林;在马尾松林转变为常绿阔叶林后,鸟类群落的多样性并不会下降。

A kind ofmixed bacterialmanure was p repared, which was composed of four bacterium, namely, B acillusm egatherium var. phospha ticum , B. m ucilaginosus, Azorhizobium sp. and cellulose-decomposing microorganisms.Preservation experiments of the mixed bacterialmanure were carried out under different temperature conditions. Theresults showed thatwhen the temperature was 4, 18 and 28 ℃, the colony counts of each p reserved bacterium increased until 30 days and then almost all of them began to decline, and the total colony counts of the bacterialmanure varied little among 30 days and its growth curve reached a peak and a valley when the temperature was 4 and38 ℃ respectively. This results suggested that the bacterial manure was op timum to be p reserved at 4 ℃ and bekep t for 30 days, and the conditions 4—28 ℃ and 10—90 dayswere the matched ranges for its p reservation. Potting experiments showed that at room temperature and the amount of inoculation was ≤5‰, the growth curves ofAzorhizobium sp. and cellulose2decomposing microorganisms were very similar and both hadn’t a great change, butthat of B. m ega therium var. phosphaticum and B. m ucilaginosus varied significantlywith the increasing amount of inoculation. This suggested that at room temperature, the total colony counts of the bacterial manure would increasewhen the amount of inoculation was ≤5‰ and reached the highest value 90 days later after soil inoculation.

By research on wetland water quality and nutrient distribution in sediments of Xixi Wetland,which is the first national wetland park in China,the results indicated that the water quality had been improved especially in Wuchang Creek and Deep Pond after sediment dredging.The other inspecting points were still bad and belonged to V or worse than V standard of water quality,which would not be qualified for the tourism.The total nitrogen and phosphorus contents were low in the surface sediments(0-20 cm) of wetland.The average contents of total nitrogen and phosphorus were 1.79 g·kg-1 and 0.80 g·kg-1 respectively.Spatially,the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents were lower in center wetland than that in outside.And it was the same situation in sediment dredging creeks.The distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments profiles indicated that the accumulation of nutrients had been reduced in center wetland,while it was improved in outside creeks which were disturbed by human activities more frequently.The total nitrogen and phosphorus contents in sediments of Xixi Wetland were lower than that in other wetland.However, the results of primarily assessment remind us of paying more attention to nutrient contents in sediments of Xixi Wetland,which had reached the environmental criterions.All the conclusions above would provide useful information for the farther reclamations of Xixi Wetland.